Pneumatic drill.



No 791,847. PATENTED JUNE 6; 1905."

- J; WHITELAW;

PNEUMATIC DRILL. YAPPLIOATION FILEDYSEPTBB, 1903. RENEWED NOV. 3,1904. 7

I 6 SHEEN-SHEET 2.

W James Whitelaw I No. 791,847. PATENTED JUNE 6, 1905.

. J. WHITELAW.

PNEUMATIC DRILL- APPLICATION FILED SEPT.26,1903. RENEWED NOV. 3, 19041 5BHEETS-SHEET 4:

F 9 Fig.10.;

' J anies Whitelaw W W W Patented June 6, 1905.

PATENT OFF CE.

JAMES WHITELAW,OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

PNEUMATIC DRILL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N0. 791,847, dated June 6,1905.

Application filed September 26, 1903. Renewed November 8, 1904. SerialNo. 231,203.

1'0 '01. whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, J AMES WHITELAW, a citizen of the United States,residing at the city of St. Louis, in the State of Missouri, haveinvented a certain new and useful Fluid-Motor for Drills or the Like, ofwhich the following is such a full, clear, and exact description as willenable any one skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and usethe same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming partof this specification.

My invention relates more particularly to fluid-motors for drills or thelike. It may, however, be applied to fluid-motors for various otherpurposes. The object of my invention is to provide a fluid-motor fordrills or the like which will be compact and at the same time efficientand reliable in operation.

My invention consists in part in the combination with a housingcontaining cylinders, of pistons in said cylinders, mechanisms fortransmitting the power from said pistons, and a removable valve-casingcarried by said housing and extending between said cylinders t supplyfluid thereto. My invention also consists in various other novelfeatures and details of construction, all of which will be described vinthe following specification and pointed out in the claims affixedhereto; I

In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate one form of drill made inaccordance with my invention, Figure 1 isatop plan view, the top platebeing removed. Fig. 2 is an enlarged isometric projection of one of thevalves. Fig. 3 is a section on the line 3 3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is ahorizontal section on the line 4 4 of Fig. 8.

Fig. 5 is a vertical section of one of the valves. Fig. 6 is a sideelevation on a reduced scale. Fig. 7 is a section on the line 7 7 ofFig. 8.- Fig. 8 is a section on the line 8 8 of Fig. 4. Fig. 9 is asection on the line 9 9 of Fig. 8. Fig. 10 is an isometric projection ofthe valve-casing. Fig. 11 is a longitudinal section of thereversingvalve. Fig. 12 is a section on the line 12 12 of Fig. 8. Fig.13 is an end elevation. Fig.

14 is a sectional view on a reduced scale, showing one of thecrank-shafts; and Fig. 15 is a section showing the detail construction.

Like marks of reference refer to similar parts in the several views ofthe drawings.

The housing of the drill consists of three partsa main or body part 20,an end cap 21, covering'the crank-shafts, and a bottom cap 22, coveringthe gearing. Formed in the main part of the housing are four cylinders23, 24, 25, and 26, respectively. These cylinders are arranged in twopairs,the cylinders 23 and 24 being at one side of the drill and thecylinders 25 and 26 at the opposite side thereof. The

forward end of each of the cylinders is provided with a shoulder 27,against which reststhe end of a lining 28. Resting against the rear endof each of the linings 28 is a disk 29, forming a partition to dividethe cylinder into two parts. Resting against each of the partitions 29is a second lining 30. These linings, together with the partition 29,are held in position by a threaded cap 31 screwing into the end of thecylinder and bearing against the rear end of the walls 30. I

Formedin each of the linings 30 and in the adjacent metal of the housing20 are two ports 32 and 33, respectively, for supplying the fluid ,tothe rear chamber of the cylinder and exhausting the same therefrom. Thelinings 30 are prevented from turning by means of screws 34, placed ineach side of the housing 20 and engaging with the linings 30, as shownin Figs. 6 and 15. In the rear chamber of each of the cylinders 23, 24,25, and 26 is a piston 35, which is secured to a pistonrod 36, passingthrough a central opening in the partition 29. The forward end of eachof the pistonrods 36 is provided with a slotted head 37, in which ispivoted one end of a pitman-rod 38. Each of the heads 37 is surroundedby a sleeve 39, secured to the said head by the pin 40,

which pivots the pitman-rod 38 to the head.

each of the crank-shafts consists of an arm 43, provided with anupwardly-projecting pin 44 and a downwardly-projecting bolt 45.Surrounding the pin 44 is a collar 46. Between this collar 46-and thecup 42, hereinbefore described, are placed antifriction-balls 47.Surrounding the bolt 45 is a hardened collar 48. Between this collar 48and the annular member 41, hereinbefore described, are placedantifriction-balls 49. The central portion of the crank-shaft is formedby an arm 50, having oppositely-projecting shoulders 51. Each of theseshoulders 51, as well as the arm 43, is

provided with grooves 52, which engage with tongues 53, formed on thecollars 48. The arm 50 is held in position on the bolt 45 by means of anut 54. The lower end of the crankshaft is composed of parts similar tothose described. The pin 44 of the lower arm 43 is, however, of greaterlength than the upper pin 44 and has keyed to it a gear-wheel 55. Thetwo gear-wheels mesh with a gear-wheel 56, which is rigidly secured to asmaller gearwheel 57. These gear-wheels 56 and 57 are loosely mountedupon apin 58, secured in the main housing 20. The gear-wheel 57 mesheswith a master-wheel 59. This master-wheel 59 is arranged to drive thedrill or other tool. As the manner of supporting the master-wheel 59 isthe same as that shown and described in my prior application, Serial No.139,879, filed January 21, 1903, the same will not be particularlydescribed.

is a valve-casing which is provided with a downwardly-projecting portion66, which projects into an opening in the housing 20 between thecylinders 23 and 24 and the cylinders 25 and 26. In the casing 65 aretwo oscillating valves 67 and 68. The valve 67 controls the supply andexhaust to and from the cylinders 23 and 24, and the valve 68 controlsthe supply and exhaust to and from the cylinders 25 and 26. Secured tothe upper end of each of the valves 67 and 68 is a short arm 69, whichis connected, by means of a rod 70, with an eccentric-pin 71. formed onthe pin 44 of one of the crank-shafts. Each of the valves 67 and 68- isprovided with a central opening 72. These central openings 72communicate by passages 73 with an annular depression 74 in the upperpart of the valve. Below the annular depression 74 is a port 75,communicating with the said central port 72. Opposite the port 75 is acorresponding longitudinal depression 76, which communicates with theport 75 by an opening 77, so as to equalize the pressure on the twosides of the valve. At each side of the port 75 is a cutaway portion 78,forming external ports. These ports 78 extend down farther than theports 75 for the purpose hereinafter to be described. The lower end ofthe internal ports 72 is bifurcated, -.as best shown in Fig. 8, andcommunicates with cut away portions 80, forming external ports in thelower end of the valve. These ports 80 are connected by an opening 81 toequalize the pressure on the sides of the valve and to increase thecapacity of the ports. Between the ports 80 is a port 82, the sides ofwhich are inclined downwardly and overlap the ports 78, as best shown inFig. 5.

83 and 84 are handles. The handle 83 serves as a supply-passage and thehandle 84 as an exhaust-passage. Leading from the handle 83 is anupwardly-extending passage 85, and leading to the handle 84 is adownwardly-extend ing passage 86. These passages 85 and 86 arepreferably formed in the main casing 20., These passages 85 and 86communicate with openings 87 and 88, respectively, formed in lateralextensions of the valve-casing 65. These openings 87 and 88 communicatewith a passage 89 in said valve-casing. Within this passage 89 is thereversing-valve 90. The reversing-valve 90 is provided with a handle 91,by means of which it is operated, and it is held in position in thepassage 89 by means of a spring-detent 92, which enters an annulargroove 93 in the projecting end of said valve. Formed in thereversing-valve 90 are two ports 94 and 95. These ports 94 and 95 areadapted to communicate with the ends of a U-shaped port 96 in the upperpart of the valve-casing 65. The port 94 is in communication with oneend of this port 96, as shown in Fig. 12, when the motor is running inone direction, while the port 95 is in communication with said other endof the said port 96 when the motor is running in the opposite direction.The outer end of the valve 90 is provided with two openings 97, one ofwhich is in communication with the opening 87 when the motor is runningin one direction and the other being in communication with said openingwhen the motor is running in the other direction.

98 and 99 are two oppositely-disposed openings in the valve 90. Theseopenings 98 and 99 are separated by an inclined partition 100, as bestshown in Fig. 11, so that the opening 98 communicates with the outer endof the reversing-valve and the opening 99 communicates with the innerend of said valve. These openings 98 and 99 are adapted to be broughtinto communication with a downwardly-extending port 101 in thevalve-casing 65. This downwardlyextending port 101 communicates, bymeans of a crossport 102, with grooves 103 in the downwardlyprojectingportion 66 of the valve-casing. The grooves 103 are provided with ports104, communicating with the annular depression 74 in the valve 67, andwith ports 105, communicating with the annular depression 74 of thevalve 68.

The ports 75 and 78 of the valve 67 are adapted to communicate withports 106 and 107, formed in the side of the valve-casing 65, while theports 80 and 82 of said valve communicate with similar ports 108 and109.

in the valve-casing 65.

The ports 106 and 107 in turn communicate with the ports 32 and 33 ofthe cylinder 23', and the ports 108 and 109 communicate with the ports32 and 33 of the cylinder 24. The corresponding ports of the valve 68communicate with corresponding ports formed in the opposite side of thevalve-casing 65, and these ports in turn communicate with the ports 32and 33 of the cylinders 25 and 26. The overlapping ports 78 and 82 ofthe valves 67 and 68 communicate with a chamber 110 This chamber 110 inturn communicates, by means of port 111, with the U-shaped port 96hereinbefore described.

The valvecasing is provided with a threaded opening 115, in which is athreaded stem 116. This stem 116 is provided with a handle or star-wheel117, by means of which it is rotated, and is provided on its upper endwith a conical bearing 118. .The stem 116 is used to feed the drill inthe usual manner. The upper part of the drill is covered by a plate 119,which is secured in position by means of screws 120. These screws 120also aid in holding the valve-casing 65 in position.

The operation of my drill is as follows: Supposing the reversing-valve90 to be in position shown in Fig. 12, the air or other fluid passes inthrough the handle 83 and thence up through the passage 85 and one ofthe ports 97 into the end of the reversing-valve 90. It then passes downthrough theopening 98in said valve and ports 101 and 102 in thevalve-casing into the grooves 103. From the groove 103 it passes throughthe passage 10 1 into the annular depression 74 of the valve 67 andthence through the passage 73 into the port 72. Passing down through theport 72 it is fed through the port into one of the ports 106 or 107 ofthe cylinder 23, and at the same time the steam will be exhausted fromthe other of said ports 106 and 107 through one of the ports 78 andthence th rough the chamber 110, passage 111, and port 96 and port 94;into the passage end of the reversing-valve 90 and thence down throughthe opening 88 to passage 86 to the handle 84;, from which it isexhausted. At the same time the air will pass down through thebifurcated end of the passage 72 and through one of the ports and theport 108 or 109 into one end of the lower cylinder 24, while at the sametime .the air from the opposite end of said cylinder will pass outthrough the other of said ports 108 or 109 and the port 82 into thechamber 110, where it will be exhausted, as before described. The valve68 in the same manner controls the supply and exhaust to the cylinders25 and 26. When it is desired to reverse the direction of the drill, thehandle 91 is grasped, and the valve is rotated through one-halfrevolution, so that the port 94 will be brought into communication withthe port 96 and the port 99 with the port 101. The supply and exhaustwill thus be' reversed, and the drillwill run in the opposite direction.

Having fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent of the United States, is

1. In a fluid-motor, a housing containing cylinders and provided withflat contact-surfaces, pistons in said cylinders, mechanism fortransmitting the power from said pistons, a gear-casing carried by saidhousing, and a removable valve-casing carried by said housing andextending between said cylinders to supply fluid thereto, saidvalve-casing being provided with flat contact-surfaces cooperating withthe contact-surfaces of said housing.

2. In a fluid-motor, a housing consisting of two parts each containing acylinder and each provided with a fiat contact-surface,.and a removablevalve-casing between said parts and provided with fiat contact-surfacescooperating with the contact-surfaces of said housing,

said parts being connected by a gear-casing.

3. In a fluid-motor, a housing consisting of two parts integral witheach other and separated by a passage forming flat contact-sur faces,each of said parts containing a cylinder, pistons in said cylinders, anda removable valve-casing carried by said housing and projecting intosaid passage, said valve-casing being provided with flatcontact-surfaces cooperating with the contact surfaces of said housing.

4:. In a fluid-motor, a housing containing cylinders and provided withflat contact-surfaces, pistons in said cylinders, mechanism fortransmitting the power from said pistons, a gear-casing carried by saidhousing, and a removable valve-casing carried by said housing andextending between said cylinders, said valve-easing being providedwithflat contact surfaces having recesses cooperating with thecontact-surfaces of said housing to form ports for said cylinders. 5. Ina fluid-motor, a housing consisting of two parts each containing acylinder and each provided with a contact-surface, and aremovablevalve-casing carried by said parts, said valve-casing being providedwith flat contactsurfaces having recesses cooperating with thecontact-surfaces of said housing to form ports for said cylinders, theparts of said housing being connected by a gear-casing.

-6; In a fluid-motor, a housing consisting of two parts integral witheach other and separated by a passage forming flat contact-surfaces, acylinder in each of said parts, and a removable valve-casing carried bysaid housing and projecting into said passage, said valve-casing beingprovided with flat contactsurfaces having recesses cooperating with thecontact-surfaces of said housing to form ports for said cylinders.

'7. In a fluid-motor, a housing containing two pairs of cylinders,pistons in said cylinders, mechanism for transmitting the power &

from said pistons, a removable valve-casing carried by said housing andintruding between said pairs of cylinders, and two valves in saidcasing, each controlling the supply of fluid to and exhaust thereof fromone pair of cylinders.

8. In a fluid-motor, a housing containing cylinders, pistons in saidcylinders, mechanism for transmitting power from said cylinders, aremovable valve-easing carried by said housing and intruding betweensaid cylinders, valves in said casing, and connections between saidpower-transmitting mechanism and said valves for actuating the latter.

9. In a fluid-motor, a housing containing two pairs of cylinders,pistons in said cylinders, mechanism for transmitting the power fromsaid pistons and a removable valve-casing carried by said housing andintruding between said pairs of cylinders, two valves in said casing,each controlling the supply of fluid to and exhaust thereof from onepair of cylinders, and connections between said powertransmittingmechanism and valves for actuating the latter.

10. In a fluid-motor, a housing consisting of two cylinders and. agear-casing formed integral with one another and provided with a pair offlat contact-surfaces, and a removable valveeasing carried by saidhousing and intruding between said cylinders, said valve-easing beingprovided with a pair of contact-surfaces cooperating with thecontact-surfaces of said first-named part.

11. In afluid-motor, two cylinders, pistons in said cylinders, mechanismfor transmitting the power from said pistons, an oscillating valve foreach cylinder, each of said valves having an internal port and twoexternal ports, and means for actuating said valves to place each end ofthe cylinders alternately in communication with the supply and exhaust.

12. In a fluid-motor, two cylinders, pistons in said cylinders,mechanism for transmitting the power from said pistons, an oscillatingvalve for each cylinder, each of said valves having an internal portcommunicating with the supply, and two external ports communieating withthe exhaust, means for actuating said valves to place each end of thecylinders alternately in communication with the supply and exhaust, andmeans for reversing the supply and exhaust.

13. In a fluid-motor, a pair of cylinders, pistons in said cylinders,mechanism for transmitting the power from said pistons, an oscillatingvalve for said cylinders, said valve having a supply and two exhaustports for one cylinder, and an exhaust and two supply ports for theother cylinder, and means for actuating said valve.

14. In a fluid-motor, a pair of cylinders, pistons in said cylinders,mechanism for transmitting the power from said pistons, an oscillatingvalve for said cylinders, said valve having a supply and two exhaustports for one cylinder, and an exhaust and two supply ports for theother cylinder, means for actuating said valve, and means for reversingthe supply and exhaust.

15. In afluid-motor, a pair of cylinders, pistons in said cylinders,mechanism for transmitting the power from said pistons, an oscillatingvalve for said cylinders, said valve having an internal supply and twoexternal exhaust ports for one cylinder and an internal cx haust and twoexternal supply ports for the other cylinder, and means for actuatingsaid valve.

16. In a fluid-motor, a pair of cylinders, pistons in said cylinders,mechanism for transmitting power from said pistons, an oscillating valvefor said cylinders, said valve having an internal supply and twoexternal exhaust ports for one cylinder, and an internal exhaust and twoexternal supply ports for the other of said cylinders, means foractuatingsaid valves, and means for reversing the supply and exhaust.

17. In a fluid-motor, two pairs of cylinders, pistons in said cylinders,mechanism for transmitting the power from said pistons, two oscillatingvalves, each of said valves having a supply and two exhaust ports forone cylinder and an exhaust and two supply ports for another cylinder,means for actuating said valves, and means for reversing the supply andexhaust.

18. In a fluid-motor, a housing containing cylinders, a removablevalve-casing consisting of two parts one of which projects between saidcylinders and the other of which bears on said casing, a controllingvalve or valves in the first-named part of said casing, and areversing-valve in the second-named part of said casing.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and aflixed my seal inthe presence of the two subscribing witnesses.

J A MES VVHITELAVV.

Witnesses:

JOHN G. LEWIS,

J. H. BRYSON.

